Private schools today play a significant role in delivering quality education across India. They educate millions of children to supplement the state’s role in education delivery. Presently, they operate within a legal framework that treats education as a strictly not-for-profit and charitable activity. This hampers their ability to raise investments and support day-to-day functioning. This CCS Working Paper, For-Profit Schooling in India: Law, Limits, and Loopholes, authored by Shaivy Maheshwari, Anish Kumar, and Vikas Jhunjhunwala, examines constitutional philosophy, judicial precedents, and regulatory frameworks to understand how education came to be construed as not-for-profit, charitable activity even for private players. The paper also explores whether the current legal approach adequately responds to the realities of delivering quality education at scale.